Diabetic foot is a potentially serious complication of diabetes mellitus that manifests as ulcers or sores on the feet, especially those that heal slowly or not at all. If you have diabetes, you must inspect your feet on a frequent basis, including between the toes and along the soles. Those with long-term diabetes, particularly type 1, should pay special attention to their lower limbs.
Feet are far from the heart and are frequently the first to suffer from impaired circulation, which is a common complication of long-term diabetes. The illness impairs blood flow, limiting the amount of oxygen that reaches lower-body tissues. Over time, a lack of oxygen and food can result in tissue damage and even necrosis—the death of biological tissue. “Diabetic foot” refers to a debilitating disorder characterized by anatomical and functional alterations in the foot and ankle.
It is frequently caused by two problems: nerve injury (neuropathy) and decreased blood flow owing to artery obstructions (ischemia). Diabetic foot is classified into two categories, depending on the underlying cause: Neuropathic diabetic foot occurs as a result of nerve damage caused by persistently high blood sugar levels. It affects the sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves, resulting in diminished sensation and altered foot structure.
Individuals without normal feeling in their feet are more likely to develop ulcers, particularly on pressure sites such as the soles. Neuroischemic diabetic foot: This condition is caused by impaired circulation due to restricted or blocked arteries. It drastically lowers blood circulation to the foot, leaving tissues prone to injury, infection, and gangrene. Why do diabetic feet develop?
Diabetic foot is caused by the long-term effects of diabetes, specifically nerve damage and reduced circulation. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system erroneously targets insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Without correct insulin regulation, excess glucose harms blood vessels and nerves, especially in the legs and feet.
Ulcers and blisters typically grow on weight-bearing areas like the balls of the feet and between the toes. If untreated, these wounds can grow and spread infection, necessitating more extensive treatment. Early Warning Signs. Diabetic foot frequently appears with modest signs that should not be overlooked. This includes: Unusual warmth in one foot. Numbness or diminished sensation of heat, touch, or pain.
Pins & needles or tingling feelings. Open wounds, cuts, or sores that heal slowly. Treatment and Prevention. Preventing damage is the foundation of diabetic foot care. Daily foot inspection is crucial; use a mirror or, if necessary, seek assistance from someone. Any wound, no matter how tiny, should be cleansed and continuously monitored to prevent infection. Amputation may be indicated in cases of significant tissue damage. This is a last resort, emphasizing the value of early intervention and prevention.
